Given that the coordinates are correct (which only you can know) have you considered that the amount of "color" needed for the number in that column actually is the same for both numbers?
Why do you call the variable rgb if it is actually a sum?
Think about something that really changes for all numbers. This is, e.g., where you encounter a different color and how often.
Here is a start to work with, so you get some output:
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
BufferedImage image = ImageIO.read(new File(
"C:/Users/User/Desktop/chalx.png"));
int x=762;
int y1=356;
int y2 = image.getHeight();
int referencePixel = image.getRGB(x, y1);
for (int i = 0; i < (y2 - y1); i++) {
int currentPixel = image.getRGB(x, (y1 + i));
if (currentPixel != referencePixel) {
System.out.println(colorDescription(currentPixel));
}
}
}
public static String colorDescription(int rgb) {
Color color = new Color(rgb);
return color.getRed() + ", " + color.getGreen() + ", "
+ color.getBlue();
}
If the output does not show any changed pixels, you have the wrong column.
Besides that a little tip: Don't read in the whole image every time you want to check one little pixel. This will slow down everything a lot, file IO is costly.