I've been wanting to write a chat bot for about a month now. Been reading up on A.I. myself. The biggest issue we have with ai right now is having a hot actually understand what's going on. Sure, we can simulate understanding, but in the end it's just redundant instructions being processed.
There is a guy I saw on TED not too long ago that is trying get computers to understand, and is making great progress with wolframalpha.com, I don't have a link to the talk, and don't wanna go look for it since I'm on my phone. If you search wolframalpha I'm sure you can find it.
I also seen a talk where they developed a simulated brain, with all the neurons and how it processes things. They fed it an image of a rose, and creeply it started forming inside the brain as neurons processing what it was seeing. This is a big leap in technology and science, we might be able to reverse engineer the brain and cure all diseases. With the same technology, we can develop true advanced ai.
But for now, we can't even simulate human speech well enough to fool peoples. We have come close in turing tests, but no one has been 100% fooled. In the bot I'm designing I'm going to have it learn by listening to human conversion in an irc channel. I'll also have "training" sessions to give it correct responses. I might have it crawl google, wiki, and wolframalpha to build a response based on factual data. That way maybe it can develop a sense of understanding.
Natural language processing mixed with neural nets could yield some interesting results too.