x and is an integer between 1 and 9 including.
y and is an integer between 0 and 9 including.
So (10x + y) is an integer between 10 and 99 including.
This is the integer that gopher asks you to chose.
The gopher then asks you to add the two parts of the double digit number together.
This is (x+y).
Then he asks you to substract your original number from this one.
That is:
(10x + y) - (x + y) = 10x - x + y - y = 9x
So now we know that this answer will always be a multiple of 9.
Now look closely at the symbol table. Every 9th symbol is the same.
And we know that our answer will always be a multiple of 9.
So the gopher just chooses the symbol that is at 0 or 9 or 18 or 27 and etc.